national health system like HHS, NIH and FDA to address the crisis during the 1980s and ’90s. Anthony Fauci, head of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), into the fight against AIDS, which helped mobilize the U.S. The lesbian essayist Susan Sontag called him “One of America’s most valuable troublemakers.” ACT UP also challenged all systems that discriminated against lesbians and gay men. His protests called for the FDA to work faster to find treatments for the pandemic that was killing thousands of young gay men and others throughout the U.S. A meeting of about 80 people in his New York apartment the next week led to the formation of GMHC.Īs founder of ACT UP, Kramer led street actions in New York and promoted them nationally, including in Philadelphia, San Francisco and Washington, D.C. Kramer began his activism in 1981 after reading an article about deadly cases of a rare cancer, Kaposi’s sarcoma, among young gay men. Kramer is roundly credited with forcing the shift in the U.S. At the beginning of the AIDS pandemic, he fought for the lives of gay men with HIV/AIDS in his writing and in the streets. Kramer, 84, was a maverick for decades in New York City.
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